ࡱ> ~q` RbjbjqPqP2::^&$$$$$$$88,8jLL"nnnnnn$ hm"><$nn<$$nnUP$n$n$$n@ P%K=JD,k0"""$Ln6 8 D| ~nnn<<FXnnn888888888$$$$$$ f[MOՋ~`NmQ Passage1: Today, supermarkets are found in almost every large city in the world. But the first supermarket was opened only fifty years ago. It was opened in New York by a man named Michael Cullen. A supermarket is different from other types of stores in several ways. In supermarkets, goods are placed on open shelves. The customers choose what they want and take them to the check-out counter. This means that fewer employees are required than in other stores. The way products are displayed is another difference between supermarkets and many other types of stores. For example, in supermarkets, there is usually a display of small inexpensive items just in front of the check-out counter: candies, chocolate, magazines, cheap books and so on, why are they there? Most customers who go to a supermarket buy from a shopping list. They know exactly what they need to buy. They shop according to a plan. By the time he or she reaches the check-out counter, the customer is feeling pleaded and relaxed because the task of shopping is finished. In this happy mood, the customer sees an attractive display of inexpensive goods that were not on her shopping list. Now she feels like buying something just for her own pleasure and enjoyment. Many customers buy from these displays of products near the check-out counter, and this is exactly what the owner of the supermarket hopes they will do. Another important fact in helping a customer choose what to buy, is where a product is placed on a shelf. A product that is placed at eyelevel on a shelf sells much better than one which is placed on a lower or higher shelf. A product which is easy to see sells best. Manufacturers pay a higher price to have their products placed at eye level on the shelves. The comfort and convenience of shopping centers is another factor which makes them popular with customers. Large parking spaces are provided, and many supermarkets stay open until very late at night. 1. According to the passage which statement is NOT true? A) Today supermarkets are found in almost every big city. B) The first supermarket was opened only half a century ago. C) The first supermarket was opened in New York. D) A supermarket is different from other kinds of stores in two ways T{Hh D ㉐g ~09hnc,{NkQ[wSA0BTC/fcknxv SY,{2kv,{NS-Nseveral waysT NbezvQ[_NSNwS NNN/f$N*Ne_0 2. According to the passage which statement is true/ A) Supermarkets need more clerks than other stores. B) In supermarkets goods are placed on closed shelves. C) The customers prefer supermarkets to other kinds of stores. D) The customers pay any clerk they meet for what they have bought in supermarkets T{Hh C ㉐g A ck}YT\Ova`vSN B_N/f ^/fopenedMb/fcknxv0D-N N/fvcT[-N90 3. A product that is placed ___ sells best. A) on a lower shelf B) on a higher shelf C) as high as one s waist D) as high as one s eyes T{Hh D ㉐g ~0ez-NvA product that is placed at eyelevel on a shelf sells much better than one which is placed on a lower or higher shelfSNwScknxvT{Hh 4. Why do you think shopping centers attract more customers than other kinds of stores/ A) They have more kinds of goods. B) They have few employees. C) They display small inexpensive items in front of check-out counters. D) They have large parking lots and they stay open until almost midnight. T{Hh D ㉐g ~0ezvgTNk/ff^kwvQ[vFU^Op0_N/fS'Y[U"kvSV0 5. According to the way small inexpensive items are displayed we can infer that the owner of a supermarket has a good knowledge of ___ A) physiology B) psychology C) biology D) biophysics T{Hh B ㉐g A/futva` B/f_t C/fuirD/fuirirtSt c[m9vOS gOncm9v_̑MbZPQcknxv~%QV{0 Passage 2: Most of the ill health we suffer could be prevented if people made more effort to change their life styles. Instead, many people continue to smoke, to drink excessively to eat unbalanced diets. How can governments help people protect their health and avoid premature death? Well, many of the measures which need not be expensive. One of the first preventive health measures should be an increase in taxes on tobacco to the point at which consumption falls off. The aim should be to raise the same amount of revenue from a decreasing number of people. In the short term such a policy could even raise extra money, which could then be spent on subsidizing sport so that advertising tobacco through sports sponsorship could be banned. Legislation is badly needed to ban all advertising of tobacco products as it persuades people to smoke more and so is in a larger part responsible for the ill health and thousands of premature deaths caused by cancer of the lung. Other measures should be enforced, such as a much tougher health warning on cigarette packets, and tobacco companies should be made to contribute to research into a cure for lung cancer. Alcoholism could be prevented by making wines, spirits and strong beers more expensive and the revenue raised could be used to set up clinics to help the people who already have a drinking problem and want to give up. Similarly all advertising of alcohol should be banned and compensation paid to families of alcoholics who die of the liver disease. 6. Among the following statements, which one is not the life style that people should make more effort to change in order to suffer less? A) stop smoking B) drink less C) eat balanced food D) collect stamps T{Hh D ㉐g Nk-N]~c0RN8TpTnߘ 1\/fl gmS0R6eƖhyvb__ @bN N Dُ/fNS~0 7. What does  revenue in the second paragraph mean? A) the general income of a government B) pocket money C) broad street with trees on both sides D) building built in memory of somebody or some event T{Hh A ㉐g revenue/fz6ev+TIN ,{2kv,{2S;NN~N)R(uz6eve_egĉNNvL:N0vQ[v y N&{TezvBl0 8. Which of the following answers is wrong as to the result of new legislation on tobacco? A) In a short term, the new legislation on tobacco? B) Then, the money can stop tobacco sponsorship with sports. C) In the long run, the new legislation will cause tobacco consumption to fall. D) But in the long run, the new legislation may raise the falling number of smokers again T{Hh D ㉐g ,{3kHNƖ-Nel l_6eeQTfJTvb__ MR Nyl gv D(We-Nu gnew legislation\Ol gc0R0 9. Choose the one measure that the writer wants to carry out against both tobacco and alcohol companies. A) higher taxes B) lower prices C) advertising banned D) tougher warning T{Hh C ㉐g c0gTNkvgTNS/f\Ov^ +RQ_vQ[vQy/ff8^T8^(uvel C/f\Ov^0 10. How is the writer s attitude towards tobacco and alcohol? A) positive B) slightly negative C) strongly opposing them D) objective T{Hh C ㉐g $Re\O`^0A/f/ecva` B0DR+R/f gpS[0[‰v+TIN C/ff>fvS[va` &{T\Ov‰p0 Passage 3: In America Mother s Day is celebrated on the second Sunday in May. On that day we send our mothers a special Mother s Day card, and perhaps some flowers or candy, to show our love and appreciation for all they have done for us. Although Mothers Day is a relatively new holiday in America, more and more other countries are also setting aside a day to honor their mothers. I want to tell you today how the idea of having a special day for mothers began. It all started over a hundred years ago with a woman named Anna May Jarvis. Anna was born on May 1, 1864, just before the end of the Civil War and the assassination of President Lincoln. She was the daughter of a minister, which in American English means a church leader. She was a quiet girl who liked to study in school, but she liked everyone and was liked by everyone as well. After she became an adult, Anna worked for a life insurance company in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania-a city about halfway between New York City and Washington, D.C. then, in 1906, just two weeks after Annas 42nd birthday, her mother died. It was the second Sunday in May. In the months that followed, Anna began to change. No longer was she so gentle, so relaxed and easy-going. Instead she now had just one goal for her life-to have her mother and all other mothers honored throughout the whole world on the second Sunday of May. After more than a year of careful planning, Anna arranged the first Mothers Day church service, on May 10, 1908, in Grafton, West Virginia. The next year Anna was able to get the city of Philadelphia, where she lived and worked, to proclaim the second Sunday of May as an official Mothers Day-the first city to do so. After three more years, the state of West Virginia, where Annas mother had lived, made Mothers Day a statewide observance not a holiday in the normal sense, but still a day to remember what mothers have done for their children and society. 11. Which answer is right about Mothers Day? A) In America, Mothers Day is a holiday with a very long history. B) More and more countries are put aside their tradition of celebrating Mothers Day. C) In America, Mothers Day is on the second Sunday in May. D) Throughout the world, Mothers Day is celebrated on the same day. T{Hh D ㉐g ~09hnc,{NkvQ[SNwSA0B0C/fcknxv C(Wthe same dayTezva` NN7h NN/fvQ[vV[bQN)YFO/fl g/f(W TN)Y0 12. Choose the right explanation of the word  observance in the last paragraph A) remark made by people B) action in accordance with custom C) performance of certain tradition D) notice paid widely T{Hh C ㉐g Cv+TIN/f O~ve\L [E N/fǏe09hnc N Nev+TIN^/f^]ykN bCT0 13. How long in all had Anna spent to establish Mother s Day in West Virginia? A) from May 10, 1908 to May 10, 1911 B) for more than four years C) for more than three years D) for about three years T{Hh B ㉐g ~0ُ gN[vc{'` on May 10, 19086qTAfter three more yearsSNwS^\/fVt^0B/fcknxvT{Hh0 14. Choose the right understanding of this passage. A) Anna was born just before the assassination of President Lincoln which ended the Civil War. B) Anna was a daughter of a minister which in English means a church worker. C) Annas mothers death had done a little damage to him easy life. D) The Mothers Day celebrated in West Virginia is not a normal holiday, but a day with special meaning. T{Hh D ㉐g ~.gTNkvMother's Day a statewide observance  not a holiday in the normal sense, but still a day to remember what mothers have done for their children and society.SNwST{Hh0 15. According to the passage, what most probably happened in the paragraph following? A) The United States Congress proclaimed the Second in May as Mothers Day forever in the United States. B) Mothers Day gradually became a conventional celebration. C) Anna retired from her job with a fortune of over a hundred thousand dollars. D) People stopped buying candy to their mothers. T{Hh B ㉐g eINc0,gev\O;N/fkNvegS 0RezvgTS/ffNُ*NevSS FO\l gQ(WNTvȇnnb:NN*Nconventional(`8^v0`Ov)e0 Passage 4: Many of us believe that a person s mind becomes less active as he grows older. But this is not true, according to Dr Jarvik, professor of psychiatry at the University of California. She has studied the mental functioning of aging persons for several years. For example, one of her studies concerns 136 pairs of identical twins, who were first examined when they were already 60 years old. As Dr Jarvik continued the study of the twins into their 70s and 80s, their minds did not generally decline as was expected. However, there was some decline in their psycho-motor speed. This means that it took them longer to accomplish mental tasks than it used to. But when speed was not a factor, they lost very little intellectual ability over the years. In general, Dr Jarviks studies have shown that there is no decline in knowledge or reasoning ability. This is true not only with those in their 30s and 40s, but with those in their 60s and 70s as well. It is true that older people themselves often complain that their memory is not as good as it once was. However, much of what we call loss of memory is not that at all. There usually was incomplete learning in the first place. For example, the older person perhaps had trouble hearing, or poor vision, or inattention, or was trying to learn the new thing at too fast a pace. In the cases where the older persons mind really seems to decay, it is not necessarily a sign of decay due to old age. Often it is simply a sign of a depressed emotional state. 16.This passage is mainly about ____. A) how Dr Jarvik studied mental functioning of the twins. B) what caused mental decay. C) the results evidenced by Dr Jarviks studies. D) the difference between middle  aged and older persons T{Hh C ㉐g 'Ya0,ge;NT ONNv_TRgR N/f@wt^vX'Y m ;N/fǏ.Dr Jarvikvxvzbgeg>f:yv0vQ[ y N/fezv;Nea`0 17. The word  psychiatry in paragraph 1 most probably means ____. A) the study of human behavior. B) the study of disease of the mind. C) the study of problems with aging persons. D) the study of twins growth. T{Hh B ㉐g 'Ya0 T Nvʑ0;Nv/fdisease of the mindTt^v:S+R0 18. A long  term study of 136 pairs of twins showed that ____. A) they lost a little ability to reason over the years. B) the only factor which declined over the years was their speed with which to perform mental tasks. C) their memory was not as good as it had once been. D) their minds became is not considered as they grew older. T{Hh B ㉐g0~Tcezv,{NkgTNST,{kvMR$NS/ffُ7hvN*N[fxvz~gsS NNT^ gsQ| ev NbR_Nv^\ONʑ 19. Which of the following is not considered as an instanced of  incomplete learning ? A) Poor hearing. B) Bad eyesight. C) Lack of attention. D) The attempt to learn too many new things at the same time T{Hh D ㉐ggTNSv-NRFor example, the older person perhaps had trouble hearing, or poor vision, or inattention, or was trying to learn the new thing at too fast a pacel gc0R$yvQ[$yNNv/f_tSV bv~g 20. What we call mental decay is usually a sign of ____. A) a low  spirited state. B) a worsening state of health. C) old age. D) nervous tension T{Hh A ㉐g0~ezvgT$NS/ffُ*Na sign of a depressed emotional state/ffvmentalV } Passage 5: Leaving a tip in a restaurant has become a custom in most countries. The word tip came from the Latin word Gratis, meaning free. Tips are defined as small gifts of money for service in addition to the payment due. Believe it or not, the practice of tipping has a little interesting history. The custom can be traced back to the Roman era. The Romans were the first civilization to use coins. It is possible that the word tip came from the word stipend. Strips in Latin means gift. A more common belief is tips were first given in the 18th century England. A popular coffee house equipped each table with a coin box. The label of each box read: To insure promptness. Dropping a coin into the box would result in quick service. Also, the first letter of each word is T.I.P. tip. In America and Europe it is customary to tip anywhere from 10% to 20%. Taxi drivers, waiters in restaurants, waitresses in lounges, hotel boys, doormen, and disco coat check girls, all expect a little something. People working at these jobs usually receive a low basic salary. Tips are quite necessary to supplement their income. Today most people decide the size of tip according to the quality of the service. If the service is good ,most people are quite happy to leave a tip. The world is full of big spenders and people who act like big spenders. Surprisingly, rich people are not big tippers unless entertaining guests. It is no use showing off if nobody is there to watch, right? Many throw money around like water to impress a group of friends out for an evening on the town. People who usually cannot afford it are the biggest tippers in front of their friends. It is all part of the show to prove a certain level of social success. Nobody wants to look cheap, stingy, or poor in front of their friends. Over-tipping also gives some satisfaction just to see the waiters reaction. For whatever reason, tipping will continue to be practiced in most countries. Tipping does have its place in our modern society. It will also remain a somewhat personal expression of gratitude. 21. What is the meaning of the word  gratis according to the passage? A) free of obligation B) free of charge C) plenty in time D) free from tax T{HhA ㉐gB/fMQNwɋC/fEQveD/fMQN_z A/f#NINRvMQd09hncez[m9vN~ bAvkY^0 22. When were tips first given in England A) in the 17th century B) in the 18th century C) in the 19th century D) in the 20th century T{Hh B ㉐g ~ ,{2kv,{VS-NA more common belief is tips were first given in the 18th century EnglandvQ[v y/fv 23. Which of the following statements is true? A) Most people think that tips originated in England. B) Most people think that tips originated in Rome C) Today most people decide the size of tips according to their mood. D) According to the author, the practice of tipping does not have an interesting history T{Hh A ㉐g c0,{2kv.2S/fُ*N`N`n0RWlFO/f'Y[nfM:Nv/f(WV t1u T N0 24. How to understand the sentence  The world is full of big spenders and people who act like big spenders. ? A) All people in the world have a lot of money. B) No one in the world has a lot 2HTPd$$++++f-p-*M,M.Mhpbdfjlprvx|~÷÷zrnrnrnrndjh!0JUhv?jhv?UhHhYo(UhYCJOJQJaJhYCJOJQJaJo(h CJOJQJaJo(h<CJOJQJaJo(hHCJOJQJaJ"h<hH5CJOJQJ\aJ$hHhHCJKHOJQJ^JaJhHhHCJKH^JaJhHhHKH% ,M.MdhjnpniiigggggdH;kdV$$Ifr 634a$d,$1$4$Ifa$gdH8kd$IfK$L$r 634a $IfgdHK$ d of money. C) Many people spend a large sum of money every day. D) The number of people who either have a lot of money or who pretend to be rich is great. T{Hh D ㉐g A0Bf>f/fvCTezl gT| ;N/fNN gvTyOQsv[^v N3z['`vUS[^vQs[i[P[ُNv%N͑QQ 28. On average, kids fare better in two-parent families, while ___. A. many of them are not so obedient. B. a sizable percentage of children in single-parent families thrive. C. what happens within the family really matters. D. children in single-parent families are not well fed. T{Hh B ㉐g0~,{kvgT$NS a`/f(W_N gN[kOvUS[^̑bvi[P[ u;mf[`N_N gۏek 29. All the following statements are mentioned as the important family abilities EXCEPT ___. A. try to avoid the conflict. B. decisions are always made democratically. C. encourage the qualities of caring and responsibility. D. make sure to monitor the fulfillment of each one s duty. T{Hh D ㉐g0$va`/fR_vƉk*NNv#Nve\LgTNkv,{NSR+Rc0RN! " #yvQ[S g,{yvQ[l gmS 30. In what way can the single-parent families succeed in participating in the structured activities? A. By providing access to church participation, clubs, etc. B. By drawing on support systems from various kinds of organizations. C. By taking part in parental involvement in schooling. D. By following the two-parent families T{Hh " ㉐g0~(WezvgTNS /f)R(uNegꁻE\YeXT>yOck_T^ck_vcR0informal and formal support systems from neighborhoods, schools, and churches. Passage 7 Hyperinflation (g^')0is defined as an economic condition during which there is a steep increase in prices. In accordance with the laws of economics, three factors combine to create this condition. First, demand must be much greater than the supply of available goods. Second, the country must continuously create and thereby build up an ever increasing supply of money. Third, the governmental processes that are used to collect taxes must be crippled. Lets imagine a country where production is barely accomplishing its goal to keep up with demand. When this happens, the government should decrease the salaries of the workers by raising taxes. But the government is powerless to collect the taxes, so it prints more money to compensate foreP the goods it must purchase. This new money goes to the workers who produced the goods: as a result, the people are not forced to give up certain things for a while  they actually become richer. While this might appear to be a positive step, it is actually regressive. Every month the government is forced to print more and more money, thereby increasing its liabilities (:PR) until it is destroyed. The only way to prevent total economic collapse in such a situation is for the government to increase taxes in a manner that is characterized by impartiality (lQck) to everyone involved. 'Ya;N/ffN~Nmvv[‰c?eV{kYc^:WOBlsQ|b/f'^vSLeg^:W 31. Which of the following might occur during hyperinflation? A. A slight increase in prices. B. Rapid growth of economy. C. Decrease of workers salary. D. Soaring prices. T{Hh0$ ㉐g0~ezv,{Nkv,{Sincrease in prices/firNޘmva`Soaring pricesva`Tُ/fN7hv 32. The author states that during hyperinflation ___. A. goods appear to be overabundant. B. the country has to supply more money. C. government may become richer by collecting more taxes. D. people are forced to give up certain things T{Hh0" ㉐g0~/f'veP^(uNHN7hv'^?eV{ Second, the country must continuously create and thereby build up an ever increasing supply of moneySNwSُSvT{Hh 33. The passage implies that ___. A. hyperinflation is just a passing phase in the economic development. B. people could benefit a lot from hyperinflation. C. hyperinflation is used by a government to raise taxes. D. hyperinflation may cause the downfall of a government. T{Hh0$ ㉐g0cezv,{SSNwS S_Qs'eP(Wz6eTFUTveP N?e^NQN[vNNV N[Nudownfall NMvHe^ 34. The word  regressive probably means ___. A. harmful. B. negative. C. going back. D. progressive T{Hh0" ㉐g0!/f g[v#/fP $/fۏ zva` "/f&T[v0S\O(uva` While this might appear to be a positive step, it is actually regressive.SYُ/f*NlbSsQ| ^勌TpositivevS     PAGE  PAGE 13 ptvz|gdH &`#$gdr ~hHhYo(hv?hS] 0JmHnHuh!jh!0JU h!0J 0182P. 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